etui āhuarangi mō te tiaki me te haumi
Nā ngā etita tirotiro holo rongoā i whakaritea te hanganga tūhurahura e whai ake nei, e hono ana i ngā mātauranga optika matua me ngā whakatikatika tirotiro. Kei roto i ēnei etita matatau ngā hunga holo ā-waha e waihanga ana i ngā pūmau toru-tauwhā e kite noa iho ana, e whai kore rawa atu ana ki te whakaawe-awe rānei. Nā ngā momo whakamahi diffraction grating matua i puta ai ngā take tirotiro paihere e whakarerekē ana i te whakaatu i te whakamātau mai i waewae katoa. Ki ia etita tirotiro holo, he maha ngā rārangi o ngā take tirotiro, e āhei ana ki ngā take whakamārama me ngā take kati. Ka whakaae ngā take whakamārama mo te tirotiro whakahirahira, nō reira ka taea te tirotiro whakahirahira. Ko ngā take kati ka whakawhanake i te tirotiro whakamārama mō ngā momo whakamātau matua. Nā ngā mahi whakapono matua i hangaia ngā etita nei, hei whakamana i te paihere me te tirotiro whakahirahira. Ka taea te whakatipu i ēnei me ngā kōwae kāwanatanga, tauanga rorohiko, rānei ko ngā take hanga kē hei whakamana i ngā hiahia matatau katoa. Ko te whakamahi o ngā etita tirotiro holo kei runga i ngā whenua maha, inahea, me ngā take whakamana taonga whakahirahira, tirotiro tuhipoka, me te tiaki i te maru. He whakamahere pai rawa tēnā hei whakatakoto i te wehi whakawehe i te whakawehe, ahakoa ko tētahi take paihere anō hei whakapai i te uara maru mā te whakaaturanga rangatira. Ko te whaiaro o ēnei etita ka whai tonu i te tirotiro whakamana, nā te mea ka hangaia ki te whakamana i ngā take tirotiro i roto i ngā āhuatanga taiao katoa.